A lot depends on the audience you're addressing. Talking to a doubting Christian is different than talking to a Jesus mythicist who's highly antagonistic to Christianity. But here are a few good points to make, with links to posts that discuss the issues further:
- The relationship between the timing of the birth and prophecy. The timing lines up well with Daniel's Seventy Weeks prophecy and the decree to rebuild Jerusalem in Nehemiah 2, the Roman penal practices anticipated in Psalm 22 and Isaiah 50, the arrival of a kingdom of God at the time of Daniel's fourth predicted empire in Daniel 2:35, etc. Facts like the timing of the Nehemiah 2 decree, that the temple was still standing in Jerusalem when Jesus was born, and Roman crucifixion practices are widely accepted, including among non-Christians. Jesus was born at a time when all of these things were in place. One way to appreciate the significance of that fact is to think of how easily the situation could have been different. There didn't have to be a fourth great empire at the time, with the relevant penal practices, with a temple standing in Jerusalem, and so on. See the thread just linked and the material linked within that thread for more information. For a discussion of how to address objections that the Old Testament passages are being taken out of context, are too vague, etc., see here.
- The premarital timing of Mary's pregnancy. The premarital timing is the earliest and most widespread report. And it goes against the traditional Jewish view that pregnancy is to occur within marriage, a tradition that continued in Christianity. Furthermore, the premarital timing opens the door to the charge that the claim of a virgin birth was fabricated to cover for premarital sex. It's extremely likely that the pregnancy was premarital. That's an example of reliable information we have about Jesus' childhood, even going as far back as the time of his conception.
- The Nazareth location of the conception. It's the earliest claim and widely accepted. Nazareth had a bad reputation (e.g., John 1:46), and having the conception occur in Nazareth complicates the fulfillment of Micah 5:2 in multiple ways. Putting everything, including the conception, in Bethlehem would have been simpler, would have avoided doubt about Jesus' fulfillment of Micah 5:2, and would have avoided such a significant association with Nazareth and its bad reputation. And the conception in Nazareth has implications for the fulfillment of Isaiah 9:1, as discussed here and here. (Keep in mind that Nazareth wasn't the only town in the region of Zebulun, as my second post just linked discusses, so that the claims about Nazareth can't be explained as necessary for the fulfillment of Isaiah 9.)
Notice the cumulative effect of these last two points I've made. Both the premarital timing of the pregnancy and its Nazareth location are facts going back to the earliest days of Jesus' childhood, and both are facts that are unfavorable to Christianity and, therefore, unlikely to have been fabricated by the early Christians. That sort of information about Jesus' childhood, even the earliest days of his childhood, was preserved in multiple contexts.
- The names of Jesus and his brothers. Their names are reported early and widely accepted, it would be too difficult for the names of so many individuals to have been changed later in life after having been used for decades without any evidence of the change being left in the historical record (see the discussion of the evidence for Peter being given another name here, for example, a post that also discusses the name of one of Jesus' brothers), there's no significant reason to doubt the names, and they line up well with the infancy narratives. See the post just linked for further details.
- The amount of agreement about Jesus' childhood among the early sources. Not only is the amount of agreement typically underestimated, but an alleged lack of agreement is often cited as one of the biggest objections to a traditional view of the childhood of Jesus. The post just linked discusses some of the agreements and recommends some approaches to take when discussing the topic.
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