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Wednesday, February 03, 2010

The Development Of The Canon (Part 4)

In response to my comment that "We already have good reason to accept the Biblical documents", Dave Armstrong wrote:

Yes; because the Catholic Church gave them her stamp of approval and orthodoxy.


The first alleged infallible ruling on the canon, by Catholic standards, occurred in the sixteenth century at the Council of Trent. Did nobody have good reason to accept the Biblical documents earlier? See my article here, in which I document the fact that ancient Christians referred to their confidence in the Divine inspiration of Biblical documents long before the Council of Trent, often for the same sort of evidential reasons I've cited in support of those documents. See here regarding the ancient use of the canonical criterion of apostolicity, which doesn't require a "stamp of approval" from Dave's denomination.

In another article, in response to my comment that Eusebius' rejection of 2 Peter doesn't represent a rejection of the book by a majority of Christians, Dave wrote:

Jason the amateur historian says this. But F. F. Bruce, the credentialed Protestant Bible scholar, cites Eusebius about 2 Peter and appears to differ:


We may think, for example, of the widespread hesitation in accepting 2 Peter .[Cf. Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 3. 3. 1: "But the so-called second epistle [of Peter] we have not received as canonical . . ." ]

(The Canon of Scripture, Downers Grove, Illinois, InterVarsity Press, 1988, 263)

There was considerable hesitation about 2 Peter, but by the time of Athanasius it was no longer a disputed book in the Alexandrian church or in western Christendom.

(Ibid., 259)

The most disputed of all the disputed books of the New Testament is probably 2 Peter . . .

(Ibid., 251)

Origen is the earliest Christian writer to mention 2 Peter; it does not appear to have been known much before his day. [footnote: Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. 6. 25. 8]

(Ibid., 193)


The only comment Dave has cited from Bruce that seems specific enough to qualify as a disagreement with my position is the last passage he cites. But none of the evidence Bruce mentions leads to his conclusion. Bruce cites what Origen said about the disputed nature of 2 Peter. But, as I've argued elsewhere, Origen himself accepted 2 Peter as scripture, and the passage Bruce cites in Eusebius doesn't specify how widespread the doubts about the book were. Given how widely accepted 2 Peter was in the fourth century, a majority acceptance of the book earlier makes more sense of its later status. I'm not aware of any obstacle to that conclusion in the evidence we have from the earlier sources. Eusebius classifies 2 Peter as one of the books that's disputed, but "known to most ecclesiastical writers" (Church History, 3:25:6), and he's including earlier generations in his analysis. He's not just referring to his own generation.

Thomas Schreiner writes:

"Origen noted that some doubted the authenticity of 2 Peter (Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.25.11), but in his own writings he cited it six times, and we can conclude from this that the doubts of others were not compelling to him. It is also likely that Irenaeus knew and used 2 Peter...The evidence is disputed, but it seems likely that Clement of Alexandria wrote a commentary on 2 Peter (Hist. eccl. 6.14.1). Such a commentary would indicate a high estimation of the letter and would cast doubt on a late forgery since it is unlikely that Clement would have no information about its pseudonymity if the letter were written in the second century....It is also quite likely that Apocalypse of Peter was dependent upon 2 Peter. If so, 2 Peter was in circulation in the early part of the second century." (1, 2 Peter, Jude: The New American Commentary [Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman, 2003], p. 263)

Schreiner also cites other sources and goes into much more detail. 2 Peter does seem to have been widely known before the time of Origen. F.F. Bruce's conclusion is dubious. Dave hasn't given us any reason to agree with him.

2 comments:

  1. Excellent Jason!
    Thanks for patiently and methodically sticking to this and working so hard on answering Dave Armstrong's arguments.

    ReplyDelete
  2. jason

    "...a rank amateur historian....".

    Hmmmmm,

    When I sit, after reading your amateurness and the citations, the clarity with which you put them over and the depth, this one becomes confused.

    When I read what Dave puts over and the clarity with which he does it and how shallow it is by him, this one becomes confused.


    So, well, I will just come out with it, "you certainly have matured extremely well for being a rank amateur historian"!

    So, as for Dave, well also I should come out with it and tell him the truth, because after trying, with great generosity giving him the benefit of the doubt to understand him, I have to settle on the fact he has erred quite a bit when ascribing you with such pejorative language as:::>

    "....Jason the amateur historian says this. ...".

    And, I now settle on being dyslogistic about him.

    Now, I have a conudrum.

    After reading these verses:

    Pro 17:27 Whoever restrains his words has knowledge, and he who has a cool spirit is a man of understanding.
    Pro 17:28 Even a fool who keeps silent is considered wise; when he closes his lips, he is deemed intelligent.

    and

    Pro 18:15 An intelligent heart acquires knowledge, and the ear of the wise seeks knowledge.
    Pro 18:16 A man's gift makes room for him and brings him before the great.


    I think both of you should continue to speak forth loudly and often.

    Dave should lest people begin to think Proverbs 17:27-28 about him and people begin to understand Proverbs 18:15-16 about you!

    ReplyDelete